Hemorrhoids

7 May 2025

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the hemorrhoids. The inflammation of the hemorrhoid node is characterized by thrombosis, a change in shape and the pathological expansion of hemorrhoid veins, which form nodes around the rectum.

According to statistics, around 25% of people suffer from hemorrhoids who are tightened by time to time. And more than 70% of people have at least occasionally different symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as complaints in the area of anus, itching and pain during defecation.

Hemorrhoids in women often occur during pregnancy and birth. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated with very gentle methods, since a pregnant woman is not recommended to take some medication for hemorrhoids that are prescribed in the usual order. Hemorrhoids in men are also a fairly common phenomenon caused by a number of other causes and factors that are further discussed.

What are the causes of hemorrhoids?

It is generally recognized that hemorrhoids develop due to increased blood flow or inadequate drainage, which leads to stagnating processes. The causes and factors of the development of hemorrhoids are:

Hereditary disposition for hemorrhoids. This is the main factor for the appearance of hemorrhoids that have to be said at all. And although hemorrhoids are not inherited, a predisposition to this disease can be determined by genetic factors. The inheritance of certain groups of genes leads to innate weakness or vascular dysfunction in the rectum. This is the cause of an increased river and an inadequate blood drainage through the cave -like veins, which leads to the pathological expansion of the latter. A long -term expansion of the cave -like veins leads to a thinning of the walls of blood vessels, which contributes to the occurrence of bleeding with hemorrhoids.
Long years of work and weight lifting. In addition to a sitting lifestyle, the physical overload also contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. First of all, this applies to people who are forced to stay in a standing position for a long time. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Swiss, guards, hairdressers and others. The elevator elevation is another reason for the development of hemorrhoids and the loss of hemorrhoids.
A sitting lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor that mainly refers to office workers, drivers and people and leads a sitting lifestyle. A sitting lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First, this is increased pressure on the vessels of the rectum in a seated position. In a longer seat, the anus area is slightly heated, which leads to stagnant phenomena and vascular extensions. In addition, the lack of physical exertion is a real way to develop venous insufficiency. Including this applies to veins in the rectum.
Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People who suffer from chronic constipation are predisposed to the development of hemorrhoids. Why does that happen? The thing is that with constipation, the feces and pressure on the veins in the lower intestine. This leads to a deterioration in blood supply to cavernous and the occurrence of hemorrhoids. An additional factor in constipation is the habit of pressing heavily during the defecation, which generates additional pressure on the vessels in the rectum.

In addition to constipation, the development of hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea) contributes to irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum.

Pregnancy. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and birth are a common phenomenon because the fetus warehouse generates pressure on the venous vessels of the rectum. And tense attempts during birth only tighten the course of hemorrhoids and contribute to the formation of new hemorrhoid nodes.
Improper nutrition, abuse of spicy foods and alcohol. A significant factor for the occurrence of hemorrhoids is malnutrition. In particular, the abuse of spicy food leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and also stimulates increased blood flow to the rectum. And the insufficient use of fiber (plant feed) worsens the intestinal engine. The provocative factor in the development of hemorrhoids is alcohol that expands the ships. The reception of alcoholic beverages can cause a deterioration of chronic hemorrhoids even in small quantities.

The main factors that contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

Obesity.
Hereditary disposition.
A sedentary lifestyle (hypodynamy) or work in connection with low motor activity.
Activities in connection with excessive muscle tension (high physical activity).
Stress.
Violation of blood drainage in the rectum.
Frequent constipation.
Inflammatory and tumor processes in the intestine and liver.
Infection.
Smoke.

Internal and external

At the point of the occurrence of hemorrhoid nodes, the disease is divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external.

In external hemorrhoids, the nodes are formed in the immediate vicinity of the anus. In connection with this, your sensitive surface frequently occurs and bleeds light scarlet blood. Pain in the external hemorrhoids are quite sharp and strong, but this species does not constitute difficulties in terms of independent diagnosis.

The inner type of hemorrhoids, although it has a much more serious threat to health, is often due to the complete lack of pain (especially in the initial stage of the disease). This fact is explained by the fact that the hemorrhoid nodes are deep inside, and their surface is the same insolurative mucous membrane of the rectum that it lives.

degree

Do you usually differentiate 3 degrees inner hemorrhoids:

1st degree. Hemorrhoids are located in the anal canal and may not be felt (even with a rectal study). Complaints about inflammation about the anus and bleeding, "twitched" the pain after defecation.
2nd degree. The knots protrude from the anus when they make an effort and disappear independently. In principle, the same disorders are observed here as in the case of hemorrhoids of the 1st degree, but small breaks of the mucous membrane are more common and the inflammation of the anus is stronger.
3. degree. It is characterized by the so -called loss of hemorrhoid nodes that do not recover independently. The symptoms can be with 2- identical, but often the phenomena of fecal and gases develop. When examining hemorrhoids, it differs from the laying of the anus along the radiant grooves, the cyanotic coloring and a tight surface.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

The signs of hemorrhoids that are characteristic of the development of the disease for all stages:

Disappearance in the anus;
Pain during defecation (initially insignificant, then strong);
Bleeding from the anus;
Education and growth of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are a chronic pathology that progresses for many years. The development of the disease depends on many factors, including nutrition, lifestyle.

For the initial phaseDiseases are characterized by a slight increase in veins in the anus. Such a sign is usually unnoticed. In this case, the patient can be disturbed by bloody discharge from the rectum, which occurs immediately after defecation. Blood can be easily seen on toilet paper. It should be remembered that a similar symptom for malignant bowel tumors is characteristic. So if it occurs, you should consult a proctologist. The timely search for a doctor and the appointment of the therapy will easily slow down the development of hemorrhoids.

In the second stageThe development of the patient's disease can regularly have symptoms in anus and itching. He often has a feeling of a foreign body in the anus. Hemorrhoids fail during bowel movements and are still easy to adjust inwards.

For the third stageHemorrhoids are characterized by an increase in the existing characteristics. Large venous knots in the anus make it difficult to empty the bowel emptying, the cause of constipation. The act of defecation itself is accompanied by pain and bleeding. Strong bleeding with hemorrhoids is dangerous, over time it can lead to the development of anemia.

For the last stageDiseases are characterized by an increase in the size of the hemorrhoids. They cannot be straightened with one hand. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes severe symptoms, violating the patient and goes to the toilet. He is worried about plenty of bleeding during every defecation. The fourth stage of hemorrhoid development can be complicated by such unpleasant and dangerous phenomena as the veins at the end of the rectum.

Hemorrhoids in pregnant women

Very often hemorrhoids appear in the last trimester of pregnancy and birth. The causes of hemorrhoids are a penetration of the increased uterus of the intestinal veins, which leads to a deterioration in blood flow from the intestine and the perineum. Vienna increases the diameter and changes shape. Periodic constipation in pregnant women can also provoke their appearance.

In most women, however, the symptoms of hemorrhoids pass postpartum, so it is assumed that the causes can be hormonal changes. It must be treated immediately after recognizing its symptoms. It is important to deal with constipation, for example medication for relief from chair (forlax, laminaride, methyl bike) to observe the hygiene rules (which anus wash after defecation). Hemorrhoids (aurobin, relief, etc. ) are mainly used externally in the form of ointments and candles. Surgical intervention is only carried out in severe cases.

The hemorrhoid prevention should be carried out from the first few days of pregnancy - make a competent diet to avoid constipation, not to wear tight belts, spend more time in the fresh air and walk walks.

What is the danger?

The progress of the disease without proper treatment leads to a number of very unpleasant complications.

Hemorrhoid complications:

Anemia (develops with a long course of the disease with plenty of bleeding).
Inflammatory processes in the surrounding tissues until paraprokitis (inflammation of the fiber around the rectum). Paraprocrocitis is viewed as a very serious complication that requires serious treatment.
The cracks of the anus. The most common cause of severe pain in hemorrhoids. Cracks create favorable conditions for the development and penetration of different infections deep into the soft tissues. This fact can lead to the development of impressive complications as an abscess (limited purulent inflammation, which is accompanied by general malaise, temperature and severe pain). This complication requires mandatory surgical intervention.
Itching. A very uncomfortable complication, which not only acts as a strong negative psychological moment, undermines the patient's psychoemotional condition. The constant mechanical irritation of the anal region can make the course of the disease considerably worse. In addition, the constant damage to the tissue increases the risk of developing different tumor processes.
The insufficiency of the anal sphincter, the incontinence of gas and feces (often in older people).

It follows that hemorrhoids need early diagnosis and take immediate measures to solve this problem.

How hemorrhoids look: photo

Diagnosis

As a rule, the diagnosis is not associated with special difficulties, the diagnosis occurs in the context of a patient survey and as an initial outpatient examination. Inspection helps to determine:

The degree of loss from the anus of the knot,
Rate the opportunity to turn back,
The condition of the skin,
as well as the relevance and the degree of bleeding.

The symptoms for hemorrhoids resemble some other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be careful because the risk is to prescribe incorrect treatment. Hemorrhoids can be confused with:

Anal tear, which is also accompanied by slight bleeding, pain during defecation;
Cancer of the rectum (malignant intestinal tumors occur during bleeding);
the loss of rectum;
Colitis, polyps and condylomas.

If you notice the first signs of the disease in yourself, do not take a trip to the doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis makes the treatment easier and helps not only to avoid complications, but also surgical interventions.

How do you treat hemorrhoids?

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids:

Make sure you normalize the emptying of the bowel. The chair should be regular and soft. In order to normalize the chair with hemorrhoids, it is recommended to recommend food with the content of dietary fibers, including wheat bran, but their number should be gradually increased within 2 to 3 weeks. (from 5 to 10 g to 20 g a day), which excludes the appearance of complaints.
With constipation, you can recommend lactulose up to 30 to 40 ml per day to achieve a daily soft chair and other means, to follow a diet and recommendations for constipation.

Treatment uses local medication: rectal candles made of hemorrhoids and ointments.

Candles with small cans of narcotics (for example Beladonna, etc. ) help with pain. Depending on the symptoms and the stage of the disease, you can prescribe candles, sodium alginate, ichthyol.
If there are no bleeding, you can prescribe suppositories or ointments from phenylefrinhydrochloride etc. However, all medications are prescribed, so that only one proctologist can prescribe the correct treatment after examining the patient.
In the case of pain, cold lotions can be used in addition to candles, but not more than 30 seconds.
In order to increase the efficiency of local drugs, oral products must be taken that improve the tone of venous vessels and prevent thrombosis: diosmine, troxerutin.
Hemorrhoid nodes (prolapse) of the hemorrhoids are the basis for their dressing. If the thrombosis of hemorrhoids is used cold and lidocainhydrochloride (1% solution) locally and another bandages is possible.
In the event of relapse, a hemorrhoid electomy is recommended despite the treatment.

Treatment drugs are exclusively symptomatic - dh hemorrhoids do not cure hemorrhoids radically. However, they enable them to temporarily cope with the unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. If the patient meets medical recommendations for the prevention of relapses after drug treatment, surgical treatment can be avoided.

But patients cannot always follow all recommendations.

Small invasive methods

With a minimally invasive treatment, you can quickly and without serious injuries to eliminate such a sensitive problem as hemorrhoids. In most cases, therapeutic methods only avoid the symptoms of the disease, delay the moment when it is necessary to use more radical methods. Before the appointment of a certain procedure, the doctor examines the patient's medical history, evaluates all possible risks.

Sclerotherapy-This is a low -traumatic treatment through special sclerosis substances that are inserted into the nodes, stick the walls so that it is possible to achieve the diet and death in the future. The technology is only carried out in 1-3 stages. It does not rule out the risk of relapse to the disease and is only effective with small hemorrhoids.
Electrical clearingIt is carried out under the control of the anoscope. The electrode is brought to the knot bone and the fabric is coagulated (welded), whereupon you quickly die. In a procedure it is possible to get rid of 1-2 pathological herds. After gluing, the hemorrhoid nodes stop eating and growing and disappears completely after a while.
Lation with latex rings-En of the most modern methods for minimally invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids of 1-3 levels. A latex league is applied by the anoscope on the leg of the node, which means that the tissue and a violation of the blood circulation are pressed into them. After 8 to 14 days the hemorrhoid nodes die and is removed with the latex ring.
Cryotherapy- Short -term effect on hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. Then the hemorrhoid node dies and disappears. The procedure takes place under local anesthesia, so that there are no painful sensations.

Small invasive procedures are in:

Tightening the inflammatory process in the rectum and the anus;
Anal tears, injuries;
Thrombosis of hemorrhoids.

Small invasive methods to combat hemorrhoids can only be used in 1-3 stages of illness, which have necessarily come out of the inflammation process. All procedures are carried out according to local anesthesia. There is no need to use general anesthesia. Only 1-3 knots can be removed in one session. Sometimes treatment takes place in several phases, from intervals in several weeks.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment for the third and fourth level.

The hemorrhoid removal surgery, which was already proposed in the 1930s, is still used and continues to be modified. Two types of operations are mainly carried out in the world:

Closed hemorrhoidktomy. Apply in the III and IV stage of the disease.
Open hemorrhoidctomy. Also in stage III and IV, but complicated by anal tear or paraprocitis.

Also in 1993 a new way to treat hemorrhoids was proposed. The Italian doctor A. Longgo, which consists of the mucus and exhaust layer of the rectum using a special apparatus.

The patients are released 3-4 days after the operation. The disability is restored for 5 to 7 days. A small percentage of postoperative complications can also be found.

Power and nutrition after the operation

In most cases, patients can start drinking hemorrhoids after surgery and eat a few hours after the operation.

But observe the nutrition table (according to Pevzer 1a) in order to exclude products and dishes that excite the secretion of the stomach and irritate their mucous membrane. The food must be cooked in wiped -out form, cooks for steam or water must be cooked. Exclude: hot and cold, bread and flour products, raw vegetables - fruit, cheese, dairy products, sour cream, cottage cheese, spices, sauces, coffee, tea.

Eat 6 -times a day in small portions. The normal operation of the intestine is usually restored on the second day after the operation. Therefore, it can be continued for the usual diet. But of course all sharp and spicy dishes should be excluded, alcohol should also be forgotten. If you adhere to these recommendations, you can shorten the recovery time after the operation and shorten the risk of complications.

Home treatment

You can independently carry out some measures that help relieve the symptoms of hemorrhoids at home. However, it is worth remembering that they do not help to get rid of the disease:

Warm baths help well. You can take a bath or just sit in a pool of water. It is necessary to put the anus area 2-3 times a day a day in warm water.
Thorough hygiene of the anal area. It is necessary to take a bath or take a shower every day and wash the anus area thoroughly.
Do not use soap in the anus and in other means that can cause irritation. Avoid the use of flavored wet wipes, including alcohol.
Do not use normal toilet paper. It is better to use wet towels, but without alcohol.
Use cold. To remove edema in the anus, you can use cold heating pillows, ice cream bag and fabric in cold water.

In addition, the diet pursues two goals with hemorrhoids: prevent constipation and irritation in the rectum. Main recommendations:

Drink enough liquid. This will help make the chair softer and to facilitate its passage through the intestine.
Your diet should contain more vegetables, fruit and muesli. They contain vegetable fibers that prevent constipation.
Alcohol, coffee, strong tea should be avoided.
Limit sharp dishes, spices.
It is better to take food in small portions 4-5 times a day.
Eat at about the same time.
Physical activity also helps to normalize the work of the intestine.

gymnastics

The gymnastics exercises aim to prevent constipation and strengthen the anal sphincter. For example, if you improve the blood drainage and strengthen the muscle layer of the press, you can normalize the work of the intestine, prevent constipation:

The "scissor exercise" is carried out by lying on the back with raised legs that have to be diluted and crossed alternately.
"Bicycle" is a fairly famous exercise that is very reminiscent of a bike ride, which is on the back.
And you can lie on the floor (on the back), put your legs together, if possible lift one or the other leg and reach a right angle in the hip joints. Or bend your legs in your knees and distribute yourself to the sides while trying to tear off the pool as far as possible.

So one person is arranged that he can feel his "fifth point" in every position and guide him. The gymnastics to strengthen the anus therefore does not require any devices and can be carried out anywhere, and the people around it are unlikely to notice it.

Exercises to strengthen the sphincter:

Get up, cross your legs and make rhythmic relaxation and tensions of the buttocks.
Choose the hardest chair, sit a little forward (you can simply do on the desktop), try to reduce the sphincter one after the other and to relax and push the anus into the rectum. You should take 20 minutes for exercise, which, if desired, can always be found.

prevention

The best tool for hemorrhoids is prevention. There are predisposing factors that lead to the development of the disease:

Irregular chair, a tendency to constipate or diarrhea, the habit, to strangle during bowel movements or for a long time to sit on the toilet with a book;
Hard physical work and vice versa a lack of exercise, in the long term in a seated position;
Pregnancy and birth;
Alcohol abuse.

This means that the correction of the lifestyle will help relieve the course of the disease.

It is advisable to rethink nutrition: simple carbohydrates (pastries, sweets) in favor of the complex (vegetables, fruit, green, grain bread) instead of tea and coffee, drink water.
Avoid alcohol, including beer.
With hemorrhoids, we are undesirable for riding, heavy athletics, bicycle sports, but walking or swimming is simply necessary.
It is useful to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal press and buttocks and make gymnastics in cones.
It is a bad habit to sit on the toilet for a long time. But after visiting the toilet bidet or shower rising after washing, on the contrary, very useful.

If, despite all the preventive measurements of tightening, it could not be avoided, it is not necessary to panic. It is advisable to change the seating position into the lounger, apply cool compresses to the painful point, moistened in a weak solution of potassium perpetrators or bathrooms with chamomile (not hot! ), Do not forget nutrition and personal hygiene.